feat: add initial module 05

module-05-conflicts/README.md

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+# Module 05: Merge Conflicts
+
+## Learning Objectives
+
+In this module, you will:
+- Understand what merge conflicts are and why they occur
+- Recognize conflict markers in files
+- Manually resolve merge conflicts
+- Complete a merge after resolving conflicts
+- Use `git status` to identify conflicted files
+
+## Challenge
+
+### Setup
+
+Run the setup script to create your challenge environment:
+
+```powershell
+.\setup.ps1
+```
+
+This will create a `challenge/` directory with a Git repository that has conflicting changes on two branches.
+
+### Your Task
+
+You will intentionally create and resolve a merge conflict - a crucial skill for collaborative development!
+
+**The Scenario:**
+- The `main` branch and `feature-updates` branch both modified the same lines in `app.py`
+- When you try to merge them, Git can't automatically resolve the differences
+- You must manually resolve the conflict
+
+**Steps:**
+
+1. Navigate to the challenge directory: `cd challenge`
+2. Verify you're on main: `git branch`
+3. Attempt to merge feature-updates: `git merge feature-updates`
+4. Git will report a conflict! Don't panic - this is expected
+5. Check status: `git status` (shows conflicted files)
+6. Open `app.py` in a text editor
+7. Look for conflict markers:
+   ```
+   <<<<<<< HEAD
+   (your current branch's version)
+   =======
+   (the other branch's version)
+   >>>>>>> feature-updates
+   ```
+8. Manually resolve by editing the file:
+   - Remove the conflict markers (`<<<<<<<`, `=======`, `>>>>>>>`)
+   - Keep the version you want, or combine both changes
+9. Save the file
+10. Mark as resolved: `git add app.py`
+11. Complete the merge: `git commit`
+12. View the result: `git log --oneline --graph`
+
+> **Important Notes:**
+> - Conflicts occur when the **same lines** are changed differently in both branches
+> - Conflict markers show both versions - you choose what to keep
+> - You can keep one version, the other, or combine them creatively
+> - After editing, you MUST `git add` to mark the conflict as resolved
+> - Then `git commit` to complete the merge
+> - Use `git merge --abort` if you want to cancel and start over
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+- **Merge Conflict**: Occurs when the same lines in a file are changed differently in both branches being merged.
+- **Conflict Markers**: Special markers Git inserts to show the conflicting versions:
+  - `<<<<<<< HEAD`: Marks the start of your current branch's changes
+  - `=======`: Separates the two conflicting versions
+  - `>>>>>>> branch-name`: Marks the end of the other branch's changes
+- **Conflict Resolution**: The process of manually editing the file to resolve the differences and remove conflict markers.
+- **Staging Resolution**: Using `git add` to tell Git you've resolved the conflict.
+
+## Useful Commands
+
+```bash
+git merge <branch>           # Attempt merge (may cause conflict)
+git status                   # See which files have conflicts
+git diff                     # View conflicts in detail
+cat <file>                   # View file with conflict markers
+git add <file>               # Mark conflict as resolved
+git commit                   # Complete the merge
+git commit -m "message"      # Complete merge with message
+git merge --abort            # Cancel merge and go back
+```
+
+## Verification
+
+Once you've resolved the conflict and completed the merge, verify your solution:
+
+```powershell
+.\verify.ps1
+```
+
+The verification script will check that you've successfully resolved the conflict and completed the merge.
+
+## Need to Start Over?
+
+If you want to reset the challenge and start fresh:
+
+```powershell
+.\reset.ps1
+```
+
+This will remove the challenge directory and run the setup script again, giving you a clean slate.

module-05-conflicts/reset.ps1

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+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Resets the Module 05 challenge environment.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    This script removes the existing challenge directory and runs
+    the setup script again to create a fresh challenge environment.
+#>
+
+Write-Host "`n=== Resetting Module 05 Challenge ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+# Remove existing challenge directory if it exists
+if (Test-Path "challenge") {
+    Write-Host "Removing existing challenge directory..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "challenge"
+} else {
+    Write-Host "No existing challenge directory found." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+}
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "----------------------------------------" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Run setup script
+& "$PSScriptRoot\setup.ps1"

module-05-conflicts/setup.ps1

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+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Sets up the Module 05 challenge environment for learning about merge conflicts.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    This script creates a challenge directory with a Git repository that
+    contains conflicting changes on two branches. Students will practice
+    resolving merge conflicts.
+#>
+
+Write-Host "`n=== Setting up Module 05 Challenge ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+# Remove existing challenge directory if it exists
+if (Test-Path "challenge") {
+    Write-Host "Removing existing challenge directory..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "challenge"
+}
+
+# Create fresh challenge directory
+Write-Host "Creating challenge directory..." -ForegroundColor Green
+New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "challenge" | Out-Null
+Set-Location "challenge"
+
+# Initialize Git repository
+Write-Host "Initializing Git repository..." -ForegroundColor Green
+git init | Out-Null
+
+# Configure git for this repository
+git config user.name "Workshop Student"
+git config user.email "student@example.com"
+
+# Create initial app.py with clear line numbers
+Write-Host "Creating initial application..." -ForegroundColor Green
+$initialContent = @"
+# app.py - Main application
+
+def main():
+    print("Application starting...")
+    # Lines 5-7 will be modified differently on each branch
+    print("Version: 1.0")
+    print("Status: Development")
+    print("Mode: Standard")
+    # End of conflicting section
+    print("Application ready!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+"@
+Set-Content -Path "app.py" -Value $initialContent
+
+git add .
+git commit -m "Initial application setup" | Out-Null
+
+# Create feature-updates branch
+Write-Host "Creating feature-updates branch..." -ForegroundColor Green
+git checkout -b feature-updates 2>$null | Out-Null
+
+# On feature branch: Modify lines 5-7 (Version 2.0, Beta, Advanced)
+$featureContent = @"
+# app.py - Main application
+
+def main():
+    print("Application starting...")
+    # Lines 5-7 will be modified differently on each branch
+    print("Version: 2.0")
+    print("Status: Beta")
+    print("Mode: Advanced")
+    # End of conflicting section
+    print("Application ready!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+"@
+Set-Content -Path "app.py" -Value $featureContent
+
+git add .
+git commit -m "Update to version 2.0 with advanced features" | Out-Null
+
+# Switch back to main
+Write-Host "Switching back to main branch..." -ForegroundColor Green
+git checkout main 2>$null | Out-Null
+
+# On main: Modify THE SAME lines 5-7 differently (Version 1.5, Production, Basic)
+$mainContent = @"
+# app.py - Main application
+
+def main():
+    print("Application starting...")
+    # Lines 5-7 will be modified differently on each branch
+    print("Version: 1.5")
+    print("Status: Production")
+    print("Mode: Basic")
+    # End of conflicting section
+    print("Application ready!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+"@
+Set-Content -Path "app.py" -Value $mainContent
+
+git add .
+git commit -m "Update to version 1.5 for production" | Out-Null
+
+# Return to module directory
+Set-Location ..
+
+Write-Host "`n=== Setup Complete! ===" -ForegroundColor Green
+Write-Host "`nYour challenge environment is ready in the 'challenge/' directory." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "`nThe conflict scenario:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "  - Main branch: Version 1.5, Production, Basic mode" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  - Feature branch: Version 2.0, Beta, Advanced mode" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  - SAME LINES modified differently = CONFLICT!" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+Write-Host "`nNext steps:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "  1. cd challenge" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  2. Try to merge: git merge feature-updates" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  3. See the conflict! git status will show 'both modified: app.py'" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  4. Open app.py and look for conflict markers (<<<<<<< ======= >>>>>>>)" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  5. Manually resolve by editing app.py" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  6. Remove conflict markers and keep desired version" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  7. Stage: git add app.py" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  8. Complete: git commit" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host "  9. Run '..\verify.ps1' to check your solution" -ForegroundColor White
+Write-Host ""

module-05-conflicts/verify.ps1

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+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Verifies the Module 05 challenge solution.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    This script checks that:
+    - The challenge directory exists
+    - A Git repository exists
+    - No merge conflicts remain
+    - The merge was completed successfully
+    - Conflict markers have been removed from files
+#>
+
+Write-Host "`n=== Verifying Module 05 Solution ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+$allChecksPassed = $true
+
+# Check if challenge directory exists
+if (-not (Test-Path "challenge")) {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] Challenge directory not found. Did you run setup.ps1?" -ForegroundColor Red
+    exit 1
+}
+
+Set-Location "challenge"
+
+# Check if git repository exists
+if (-not (Test-Path ".git")) {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] Not a git repository. Did you run setup.ps1?" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Set-Location ..
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Check current branch is main
+$currentBranch = git branch --show-current 2>$null
+if ($currentBranch -eq "main") {
+    Write-Host "[PASS] Currently on main branch" -ForegroundColor Green
+} else {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] Not on main branch (currently on: $currentBranch)" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "[HINT] Switch to main with: git checkout main" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    $allChecksPassed = $false
+}
+
+# Check if there are any unresolved conflicts
+$gitStatus = git status --porcelain 2>$null
+$hasConflicts = git status | Select-String "Unmerged paths" 2>$null
+
+if ($hasConflicts) {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] Unresolved merge conflicts still exist" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "[HINT] Open app.py, resolve conflicts, then: git add app.py && git commit" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    $allChecksPassed = $false
+} else {
+    Write-Host "[PASS] No unresolved conflicts" -ForegroundColor Green
+}
+
+# Check if app.py exists
+if (-not (Test-Path "app.py")) {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] app.py not found" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "[HINT] Did you run setup.ps1?" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    $allChecksPassed = $false
+    Set-Location ..
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Check if app.py contains conflict markers
+$appContent = Get-Content "app.py" -Raw
+if ($appContent -match "<<<<<<< HEAD" -or $appContent -match "=======" -or $appContent -match ">>>>>>>") {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] Conflict markers still present in app.py" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "[HINT] Edit app.py to remove all conflict markers (<<<<<<< ======= >>>>>>>)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    $allChecksPassed = $false
+} else {
+    Write-Host "[PASS] No conflict markers in app.py" -ForegroundColor Green
+}
+
+# Check if a merge commit exists
+$mergeCommits = git log --merges --oneline 2>$null
+if ($mergeCommits) {
+    Write-Host "[PASS] Merge commit exists (conflict was resolved and committed)" -ForegroundColor Green
+} else {
+    # Check if we're in the middle of a merge
+    if (Test-Path ".git/MERGE_HEAD") {
+        Write-Host "[FAIL] Merge not completed - still in progress" -ForegroundColor Red
+        Write-Host "[HINT] After resolving conflicts and staging with 'git add', run 'git commit'" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        $allChecksPassed = $false
+    } else {
+        Write-Host "[FAIL] No merge commit found" -ForegroundColor Red
+        Write-Host "[HINT] Did you merge feature-updates into main?" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        $allChecksPassed = $false
+    }
+}
+
+# Check that file has actual content (not just conflict markers removed)
+if ($appContent -match "def main\(\):" -and $appContent -match "print") {
+    Write-Host "[PASS] app.py contains valid Python code" -ForegroundColor Green
+} else {
+    Write-Host "[FAIL] app.py appears to be incomplete or damaged" -ForegroundColor Red
+    $allChecksPassed = $false
+}
+
+Set-Location ..
+
+# Final summary
+if ($allChecksPassed) {
+    Write-Host "`n" -NoNewline
+    Write-Host "=====================================" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "   CONGRATULATIONS! CHALLENGE PASSED!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "=====================================" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "`nYou've successfully resolved a merge conflict!" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host "You now understand:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host "  - How merge conflicts occur (same lines changed differently)" -ForegroundColor White
+    Write-Host "  - How to recognize conflict markers" -ForegroundColor White
+    Write-Host "  - How to manually resolve conflicts" -ForegroundColor White
+    Write-Host "  - How to complete a merge after resolution (git add + git commit)" -ForegroundColor White
+    Write-Host "`nThis is a crucial skill for collaborative development!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "Ready for the next module!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host ""
+} else {
+    Write-Host "`n[SUMMARY] Some checks failed. Review the hints above and try again." -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "[INFO] You can run this verification script as many times as needed." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host "[TIP] If stuck, run 'git status' to see what state you're in." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host ""
+    exit 1
+}